My article from 2013 - (no title)
Despite the ancient dated conflicts between the Chechens and the Russians, after 9/11 attack, Russian government assumed the position on war on terror and support to the combat of Al-Qaeda sympathizers, some Chechens rebels had a jihadist position and Russia proclaimed that combat the Chechen fighters is a part of the War on Terror.[1] The ideology of identity on the Caucasus region, with ideology separatist and nationalist became stronger after the identity of the muslins. Searching for this identity, raised a group called Caucasus Emirate self proclaimed a virtual state entity, being successor of Chechen Republic. Both USA and Russian Federation have designed Caucasus Emirate as a Terrorist Organization, in 2011 the United Nations Security Council added Caucasus Emirate to the list of entities associated to Al-Qaeda.[2]
In the same year of its formation, Caucasus Emirate declared hostility against the west, describing United States, Great Britain and Israel as common enemies of Muslins worldwide.
After Chechen War, the Caucasian rebels the separatist militants had their forces almost destroyed and part of their leaders dead, but the rebels kept challenging the military power from Moscow by terrorist attacks and guerrilla tactics. The Caucasian leader, Ichkeria Dokka Umarov, is the most wanted man in Russia because of the terrorist actions.[3]
In 2010, suicidal attacks killed 39 people in Moscow and 14 in Dagestan, in retaliation to the Vladimir Putin politics in Caucasus. It was also to cause impact on the Moscow civilians. Umarov himself told that the war must come to the streets to show the Russian population how they feel about the Russian politics. The terrorist attacks used the tactics of suicide bombs, one car was detonated while was being in pursuit by the police, minutes later a militant wearing like police officer did a second explosion close to people around.
Days later, 14 people were killed in Dagestan, Umarov claimed the attacks, by the same motive, the murders on Arshty village.[4]
After these attacks, Umarov was designated a terrorist by the terms of order 13.224 in July 2010 and listed at the UN 1267 Al-Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions Committee on March 10, 2011.[5]
By the words of Dr. Souleimanov:
“The attacks on downtown Moscow subway stations in March 2010, a market in Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia in September 2010 and Moscow's Domodedovo Airport in January 2011 cost nearly 100 lives, mostly civilians. Less lethal, but more frequent, diversionary and terrorist assaults take place almost daily in the North Caucasus, a multiethnic region of the Russian Federation spreading across the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea. According to official data provided by the National Anti-Terrorism Committee of the Russian Federation, the number of terrorist attacks in the nation increased by nearly 60 percent during 2009, the very year that the Kremlin officially declared the end of its highly praised counterterrorist operation in the Chechen Republic.”[6]
During the Boston Marathon, the incident involving the brothers Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnev, the attention were all turned to the terrorism on Dagestan. Even with the message from the State saying that Province of Dagestan is not fighting against the USA, it was in American soil. The attack turned the attention to Caucasian Jihadism. Boston Attack was more psychological and ideological than political. The brothers identified themselves with the ideology because personal motives of threats and loneliness. Many hatred messages were put on social networks. The tactics was very primal. They used homemade bombs and put in the middle of concentration of civilians. The excuses were that USA is against the Islam, also to show the Russia about the ideology that is worldwide.[7] [8]
Caucasus Emirate is not only an international terrorist group. They are also local criminals. Recently, in September 2013, police killed two bandits that were identified as members of Caucasus Emirate. During the routine to arrest members of gangs, three men opened fire against the police officers, that answered the offensive. One of the three men ran fled the scene injured. With them were found pistols, a Kalashnikov rifle, grenades and homemade bombs.[9]
One of the possible scenarios on the European Union is the identity of Muslim world. They are close to Turkey also, and in European soil. Any position on the UE with Turkey can awake any anger against the position of EU, on Turkey is betraying the Muslim world, or maybe the EU is segregating the Turkey because they are Muslims, both excuses can be used to provoke any attack. According to German Press, in May 2013, it was suspicious that members of Caucasus Emirate were instructed to go to Syria to fight against Damascus rebels. Media also reported explosions in center of Berlin during the final of Champions League.
[1] ZALMAN, A. - Russia, Chechnya and Terrorism
A Timeline of Russian-Chechen conflict – http://terrorism.about.com/od/
[4] Grupo Emirados Islâmicos do Cáucaso reivindica autoria do atentado de Moscou – http://noticias.bol.uol.com.
[5] Designation of Caucasus Emirate – http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/
[6] SOULEIMANOV, E. – The Caucasus Emirate: Genealogy of an Islamist insurgency – http://www.mepc.org/journal/
[7] LOBAO, B. – Impacto Causado pelo atentado à maratona de Bostom: Terrorismo volta a mídia Internacional – http://www.de-seguranca.com.
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